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Two "but"! In the 12th century, 100 years before the Mongol invasion, Kiev ceased to be the most powerful Russian city. Andrei Bogolyubsky seized Kiev, became the prince of all Russia ("vseya Rusi"), but took the main icon (the modern Vladimir Mother of God) and returned to Vladimir. After that, Kiev ceased to be main center of Russian lands.
Yes and no.
For the sake of the argument, the *family feud* was going on within the princes and their principalities for long time already (after all, this was the main reason why they couldn't stand up to the Mongol conquest. (Precisely as the Bible says "A house divided cannot stand".)
That's why although what you are talking about was an important development, no one knows how things would turn out the next, and where the next new capital of Kievan Rus would move to ( Back to Kiev not excluding.)
However the fact that Mongols backed up Moscow princes, and they in their turn could finally unite the Russian principalities and after that to overthrow Mongol domination, IS a definite factor.
Since then the Russian House stood undivided, but I suspect that this is coming to an end as well.
The US is training another Contras army for Venezuela in Florida. The presence of Russian air force makes it less likely that they'll try to set up a no-fly zone in support of the CIA paramilitary force. Venezuela is also being rescued from an IMF takeover by China.
Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua provided humanitarian and military assistance to resistance movements throughout Latin America where the US oversees authoritarian regimes. Very sad that people blame people for fleeing wars, kidnappings, and death squads that are being directed by outside powers and the US public thinks of it as merely fleeing for a better life.
Yes and no.
For the sake of the argument, the *family feud* was going on within the princes and their principalities for long time already (after all, this was the main reason why they couldn't stand up to the Mongol conquest. (Precisely as the Bible says "A house divided cannot stand".)
Not only family. Old Russian cities had 2 power. Military prince (Rurikovich) and local aristocracy (boyars). Kiev and Novgorod had a very strong local aristocracy, these were not safe places for princes. The cities of North-Eastern Russia were founded later than the main cities of the route from Viking to Greeks (Rostov and Suzdal was old, but they lost their influence quickly). Northeastern Rus was settled by settlers from Kiev lands (linguistics confirms this), who were poor and did not claim to princely power. Aristocracy was weak and prince was safe. This is the main reason for the departure of Andrey from Kiev, he did not want to stay in the snake's nest.
Quote:
Originally Posted by erasure
That's why although what you are talking about was an important development, no one knows how things would turn out the next, and where the next new capital of Kievan Rus would move to ( Back to Kiev not excluding.)
However the fact that Mongols backed up Moscow princes, and they in their turn could finally unite the Russian principalities and after that to overthrow Mongol domination, IS a definite factor.
This is the main factor. Tver, Kiev or Novgorod had more chances to become a new capital of Russia. But Mongolian financial flows passed through Moscow.
Quote:
Originally Posted by erasure
Since then the Russian House stood undivided, but I suspect that this is coming to an end as well.
Venezuela has not been relevant for a long time. On the other hand, people in neighboring countries are not too happy about the situation over there, be it Brazil, Colombia or even Peru. Contrary to what some people may claim, Venezuela’s problems have little to do with the US. The socialist government in power over there has completely mismanaged the economy.
Crime level is similar like in Queens or Bronx at the night. If you are a foreign tourist especially.
I was not in the Bronx at night, but, for example, in Pushkino I can walk along any street during any time of the day. And in 99% of cases I will not be interesting to someone.
Mattis has brilliantly revived the NATO. He did this knowing fully well that a transatlantic alliance raring to go cannot do without an “enemy”. And Mattis also knew that that “enemy” has to be Russia. Thus, the reboot of NATO and the ratcheting up of tensions with Russia became mutually reinforcing endeavors. The result is plain to see: NATO has come closer to Russia’s borders than at anytime before and is creating threatening military infrastructure there. Moscow is in a quandary because it is well aware that the NATO project is a de facto Pentagon project and Trump himself probably had little to do with it.
Moscow keeps hoping that a Russian-American summit would help matters, but then, Trump’s plans for meeting with Vladimir Putin runs into strong headwinds whenever the idea surfaces. The “Russia collusion” inquiry keeps Trump off balance (although Robert Mueller has so far failed to produce a shred of evidence that Moscow promoted Trump’s candidacy in the 2016 election.) Put differently, for the “Swamp” the Robert Mueller inquiry becomes critically important precisely for the reason that Trump is prevented from making any concerted attempt to improve US-Russia relations.
Syria and Afghanistan are only illustrative examples of how the Pentagon has a corporate interest in fighting open-ended wars. In both cases, a military victory is no longer regarded as feasible, and it is the hidden geopolitical agenda that matters to the Pentagon. Equally, cascading tensions with Russia or the open-ended wars translate as bigger budgetary allocation for the Pentagon, which of course largely goes to fund the military-industrial complex. One can take a safe bet that it is a matter of time before Mattis himself gets re-employed in the corporate board of some big arms manufacturing enterprise. The passion with which he has been advocating Saudi Arabia’s cause in the downstream of the Jamal Khashoggi affair speaks volumes about the unholy nexus at work involving the sheikhs, the Pentagon and the arms vendors – and the US lawmakers.
This is the main factor. Tver, Kiev or Novgorod had more chances to become a new capital of Russia. But Mongolian financial flows passed through Moscow.
Why?
Novgorod had no chances. Back then it could not feed itself as it was too far north to grow much grain. No water access to areas where it could be grown either. Novgorod was also too far north to be influenced much by Mongols who needed grass to feed their horses.
Novgorod had no chances. Back then it could not feed itself as it was too far north to grow much grain. No water access to areas where it could be grown either. Novgorod was also too far north to be influenced much by Mongols who needed grass to feed their horses.
Yes, but it was a large trading hub. They supplied fur and wax for the whole of Europe. Mongols did not reach Novgorod only 50 miles. I think that the problem is not in feed for horses, but in a spring thaw and a remoteness of the city from the steppe. Transitions through forests were difficult for cavalry, winter ended and they did not have time.
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