U.S. Cities - City-Data Homepage  
Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, Forum City-Data.com Homepage

Cedar Springs, Michigan



Back to Cedar Springs, MI housing info, Kent County, Michigan, MI smaller cities, MI small cities, All Cities.

We are giving away $1000 in prizes - enter simply by sending us your own city pictures!

Cedar Springs, MI map Current weather forecast for Cedar Springs, MI

Population (year 2000): 3,112. Estimated population in July 2006: 3,275 (+5.2% change)
 

Males: 1,467  (47.1%)
Females: 1,645  (52.9%)

Kent County

Median resident age:  29.6 years
Michigan median age:  35.5 years

Zip codes: 49319.


Estimated median household income in 2005: $40,000 (it was $39,542 in 2000)
Cedar Springs  $40,000
Michigan:  $46,039

Estimated median house/condo value in 2005: $113,100 (it was $88,900 in 2000)
Cedar Springs  $113,100
Michigan:  $149,300

Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 49319

Cedar Springs, MI residents, houses, and apartments details

Add your B&M business listing here for free. Over a million visitors/week. Get a huge advantage over your competition

Profiles of local businesses:
Regional Arts Guild in Sparta

Races in Cedar Springs:

  • White Non-Hispanic (93.6%)
  • Hispanic (3.8%)
  • Two or more races (1.5%)
  • American Indian (1.4%)
  • Other race (1.2%)

Ancestries: German (24.0%), United States (14.2%), Dutch (13.7%), Irish (9.8%), English (9.5%), Polish (7.4%).

Current Local Time: EST time zone

Elevation: 850 feet

Land area: 1.83 square miles.

Population density: 1775 people per square mile 
 
 (low).

Cedar Springs,MI real estate house value index trend





Home Value Estimate
Address:
Unit (optional):
City
State
Zip


Recent Home Sales
Address:
City

State
Zip
Min Price (optional)

Max Price (optional)
Prioritization:



Cedar Springs, Michigan map

For population 25 years and over in Cedar Springs

  • High school or higher: 79.4%
  • Bachelor's degree or higher: 11.7%
  • Graduate or professional degree: 3.6%
  • Unemployed: 8.3%
  • Mean travel time to work: 25.0 minutes

For population 15 years and over in Cedar Springs city

  • Never married: 29.8%
  • Now married: 47.2%
  • Separated: 2.0%
  • Widowed: 6.1%
  • Divorced: 14.9%

76 residents are foreign born (2.0% Latin America, 0.4% Europe).

This city:  2.4%
Michigan:  5.3%



According to our research there were 55 registered sex offenders living in Cedar Springs, Michigan in early 2007.
The ratio of number of residents in Cedar Springs to the number of sex offenders is 59 to 1.

Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2000:

Cedar Springs:  1.6% ($1,436)
Michigan:  1.3% ($1,461)
Cedar Springs satellite photo by USGS

Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Grand Rapids, MI (19.5 miles , pop. 197,800).

Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: Fort Wayne, IN (151.1 miles , pop. 205,727).

Nearest city with pop. 1,000,000+: Chicago, IL (174.6 miles , pop. 2,896,016).

Nearest cities: Sand Lake, MI (5.3 miles ), Rockford, MI (6.9 miles ), Pierson, MI (7.6 miles) , Sparta, MI (11.6 miles ), Howard City, MI (13.4 miles ), Northview, MI (13.4 miles ), Kent City, MI (13.9 miles ), Comstock Park, MI (15.1 miles ).


Single-family new house construction building permits:
  • 1996: 3 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 1997: 6 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 1998: 7 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 1999: 6 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2000: 8 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2001: 7 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2002: 8 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2003: 9 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2004: 9 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2005: 8 buildings, average cost: $114,900
  • 2006: 4 buildings, average cost: $114,900

Number of permits per 10,000 residents


Average cost (in 1000s)


Latitude: 43.22 N, Longitude: 85.55 W


83 people in nursing homes
12 people in other group homes

Area code: 616

Cedar Springs household income distribution Cedar Springs home values distribution

This city's Wikipedia profile

Cedar Springs, Michigan business and economic data: stores, dealers, real estate agents, wholesalers, restaurants...


Population change in the 1990s: +571 (+22.5%).


Historical population


Historical housing units



Most common industries for males:



  • Construction (16%)
  • Furniture and related products (8%)
  • Accommodation and food services (6%)
  • Educational services (6%)
  • Transportation equipment (6%)
  • Public administration (5%)
  • Machinery (4%)


Most common industries for females:



  • Health care (14%)
  • Accommodation and food services (11%)
  • Social assistance (9%)
  • Educational services (8%)
  • Finance and insurance (6%)
  • Personal and laundry services (5%)
  • Food and beverage stores (4%)


Most common occupations for males



  • Driver/sales workers and truck drivers (7%)
  • Other production occupations including supervisors (7%)
  • Metal workers and plastic workers (6%)
  • Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations (6%)
  • Construction trades workers except carpenters, electricians, painters, plumbers, and construction laborers (5%)
  • Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers (4%)
  • Cooks and food preparation workers (4%)


Most common occupations for females



  • Other production occupations including supervisors (10%)
  • Other office and administrative support workers including supervisors (8%)
  • Child care workers (6%)
  • Information and record clerks except customer service representatives (4%)
  • Food and beverage serving workers except waiters/waitresses (4%)
  • Assemblers and fabricators (4%)
  • Preschool, kindergarten, elementary and middle school teachers (4%)


Cedar Springs races chart


 

Crime in Cedar Springs by Year

Type 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Murders 001000
    per 100,000 0.00.031.30.00.00.0
Rapes 395722
    per 100,000 95.9286.0156.6219.261.962.0
Robberies 104111
    per 100,000 32.00.0125.331.331.031.0
Assaults 1022691610
    per 100,000 319.7699.1187.9281.8495.4310.0
Burglaries 342313231218
    per 100,000 1087.0730.9407.1720.1371.5558.0
Thefts 1601141101308669
    per 100,000 5115.13622.53445.04070.12662.52138.9
Auto thefts 592562
    per 100,000 159.8286.062.6156.5185.862.0
Arson 211010
    per 100,000 63.931.831.30.031.00.0
City-data.com crime index (higher means more crime, U.S. average = 239.8) 443.7587.5434.4466.8305.3250.5

(click on a table row to update graph)

Full-time Law Enforcement Employees in 2006: 7 (7 officers).
Officers per 1,000 residents here:  2.16
US city average:  3.00

Average climate in Cedar Springs, Michigan

Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations

Cedar Springs, Michigan average temperatures Cedar Springs, Michigan average precipitation
 
Cedar Springs, Michigan humidity
 
Cedar Springs, Michigan wind speed
 
Cedar Springs, Michigan snowfall
 
Cedar Springs, Michigan sunshine
 
Cedar Springs, Michigan clear and cloudy days
 

Back to the top

Cedar Springs-area historical tornado activity is near Michigan state average. It is 8% greater than the overall U.S. average.

On 4/3/1956, a category 5 (max. wind speeds 261-318 mph) tornado 20.1 miles away from the Cedar Springs city center killed 18 people and injured 340 people and caused between $50,000 and $500,000 in damages.

On 4/11/1965, a category 4 (max. wind speeds 207-260 mph) tornado 7.2 miles away from the city center killed 5 people and injured 142 people and caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages.


Cedar Springs topographic map
Hospitals/medical centers near Cedar Springs:
  • MARY FREE BED HOSPTIAL (about 20 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI)
  • SAINT MARY'S MERCY MEDICAL CENTER (about 20 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI)
  • SPECTRUM HEALTH-DOWNTOWN CAMPUS (about 20 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI)

Airports certified for carrier operations nearest to Cedar Springs:
  • GERALD R. FORD INTERNATIONAL (about 25 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; ID: GRR)
  • MUSKEGON COUNTY (about 48 miles; MUSKEGON, MI; ID: MKG)
  • W K KELLOGG (about 67 miles; BATTLE CREEK, MI; ID: BTL)
Other public-use airports nearest to Cedar Springs:
  • WELLS (about 9 miles; ROCKFORD, MI; ID: 35C)
  • WILDERNESS AIRPARK (about 11 miles; KENT CITY, MI; ID: 24M)
  • PAUL C. MILLER-SPARTA (about 11 miles; SPARTA, MI; ID: 8D4)

Amtrak stations near Cedar Springs:
  • 8 miles: ROCKFORD (39 S. MAIN ST.) - Bus Station. Services: fully wheelchair accessible.
  • 14 miles: HOWARD CITY (130 N. ENSLEY ST.) - Bus Station. Services: fully wheelchair accessible.

Local government website: www.cedar-springs.mi.us

Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Cedar Springs:
  • GRAND RAPIDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE (about 20 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Full-time enrollment: 7,590)
  • AQUINAS COLLEGE (about 20 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; FT enrollment: 2,022)
  • CALVIN COLLEGE (about 21 miles; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; FT enrollment: 4,148)
  • GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY (about 32 miles; ALLENDALE, MI; FT enrollment: 15,124)
  • FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY (about 35 miles; BIG RAPIDS, MI; FT enrollment: 8,593)
  • MUSKEGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE (about 45 miles; MUSKEGON, MI; FT enrollment: 2,365)
  • HOPE COLLEGE (about 50 miles; HOLLAND, MI; FT enrollment: 2,918)
Public high schools in Cedar Springs:
  • CEDAR SPRINGS HIGH SCHOOL (Students: 956; Location: 204 E. MUSKEGON STREET; Grades: 09 - 12)
  • NEW BEGINNINGS ALTERNATIVE HIGH SCHOOL (Students: 78; Location: 204 E. MUSKEGON STREET; Grades: 09 - 12)
Public elementary/middle schools in Cedar Springs:
  • CEDAR SPRINGS MIDDLE SCHOOL (Students: 838; Location: 204 E. MUSKEGON STREET; Grades: 06 - 08)
  • CEDAR TRAILS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (Students: 554; Location: 204 E. MUSKEGON STREET; Grades: PK - 01)
  • BEACH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (Students: 498; Location: 204 E. MUSKEGON STREET; Grades: 02 - 03)
  • CEDAR VIEW ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (Students: 483; Location: 204 E. MUSKEGON STREET; Grades: 04 - 05)
  • CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ACADEMY (Students: 229; Location: 360 PINE STREET; Grades: 02 - 12)
Library in Cedar Springs:
  • CEDAR SPRINGS PUBLIC LIBRARY (Operating income: $119,033; Location: 43 WEST CHERRY STREET; 16,445 books; 135 video materials; 51 serial subscriptions)

Cedar Springs map

Click to draw/clear city borders

Cemetery: Cedar Springs Cemetery (1). Display/hide its location on the map

Park in Cedar Springs: Morley Park (1). Display/hide its location on the map

Tourist attraction: Cedar Springs Historical Museum (60 West Cedar).

 

Drinking water stations with addresses in Cedar Springs and their reported violations in the past:

CEDAR SPRINGS (Population served: 3112, Groundwater):
Past monitoring violations:
  • Follow-up and Routine Tap Sampling - Between OCT-2005 and DEC-2025, Contaminant: Lead & Copper Rule. Follow-up actions: St Admin Penalty assessed (OCT-20-2005), St Public Notif requested (OCT-20-2005), St Violation/Reminder Notice (OCT-20-2005)
CHATEAU VIEW APARTMENTS (Population served: 46, Groundwater):
Past health violations:
  • MCL, Average - Between JAN-23-2006 and MAR-31-2015, Contaminant: Arsenic. Follow-up actions: St AO (w/o penalty) issued (DEC-14-2005), St Public Notif requested (FEB-07-2006), St Violation/Reminder Notice (FEB-07-2006), St Public Notif received (MAR-08-2006)
Past monitoring violations:
  • 4 routine major monitoring violations
  • 2 minor monitoring violations
Drinking water stations with addresses in Cedar Springs that have no violations reported:
  • LASER SKATE SPORTSPLEX (Population served: 300, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • LAKESIDE CAMP PARK (Population served: 265, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • LASER SKATE (Population served: 200, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • SOLON CENTER WESLEYAN CHURCH (Population served: 175, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • PINE RIDGE BIBLE CAMP (Population served: 100, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • PINE RIDGE BIBLE CAMP (Population served: 100, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • SOLID ROCK WORSHIP CENTER (Population served: 100, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • HILLCREST COMMUNITY CHURCH (Population served: 75, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • PIONEER CHRISTIAN REFORMED CHU (Population served: 75, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)
  • THE DRY RUN (Population served: 50, Primary Water Source Type: Groundwater)

Average household size:
This city:  2.7 people
Michigan:  2.6 people

Percentage of family households:
This city:  69.5%
Whole state:  68.0%

Percentage of households with unmarried partners:
This city:  9.5%
Whole state:  5.3%

Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)
  • Lesbian couples: 0.3% of all households
  • Gay men: 0.2% of all households

Residents with income below the poverty level in 1999:
This city:  13.8%
Whole state:  10.5%

Residents with income below 50% of the poverty level in 1999:
This city:  5.7%
Whole state:  4.8%

Cedar Springs compared to Michigan state average:

Cedar Springs, Michigan environmental map by EPA

Map Legend

  • Median age below state average.
  • Percentage of population with a bachelor's degree or higher below state average.


Back to the top

Banks with branches in Cedar Springs (2007 data):
  • JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association: Cedar Springs Branch at 7 Main Street, branch established on 1955-07-01. Info updated 2006-12-27: Bank assets: $1,179,390.0 mil, Deposits: $650,614.0 mil, headquarters in Columbus, OH, positive income, International Specialization, 3113 total offices, Holding Company: Jpmorgan Chase & Co.
  • ChoiceOne Bank: Cedar Springs Branch at 4170 17 Mile Road, branch established on 1996-07-01. Info updated 2007-01-23: Bank assets: $464.5 mil, Deposits: $366.9 mil, headquarters in Sparta, MI, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 15 total offices, Holding Company: Choiceone Financial Services, Inc.
  • Independent Bank-West Michigan: Cedar Springs Branch at 4115 17 Mile Road, branch established on 1979-12-01. Info updated 2006-11-03: Bank assets: $780.4 mil, Deposits: $670.9 mil, headquarters in Grand Rapids, MI, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 25 total offices, Holding Company: Independent Bank Corporation



Educational Attainment




School Enrollment by Level of School



Cedar Springs travel time to work


Cedar Springs mode of transportation to work chart



2004 Presidential Election results in Kent County Michigan:




Most commonly used house heating fuel:


Cedar Springs government finances in 2002:
  • Bond Fund - Cash & Deposits: $822,000
  • Charges - Sewerage: $627,000
    All Other: $55,000
  • Construction - General: $2,000,000
  • Current Operations - Sewerage: $630,000
    General - Other: $392,000
    Police Protection: $360,000
    Water Utilities: $240,000
    Regular Highways: $137,000
    Libraries: $109,000
    Central Staff Services: $89,000
    Fire Protection: $71,000
    Protective Inspection and Regulation, NEC: $62,000
    General Public Buildings: $37,000
    Electric Utilities: $29,000
    Financial Administration: $29,000
    Parks & Recreation: $16,000
  • General - Interest on Debt: $5,000
  • Long Term Debt Beginning Outstanding - Industrial Revenue: $79,000
  • Long Term Debt Issue, Unspecified - Other NEC: $2,000,000
  • Long Term Debt Outstanding Nonguaranteed - Other, NEC: $2,000,000
    Industrial Revenue: $20,000
  • Long Term Debt Retired Nonguaranteed - Industrial Revenue: $59,000
  • Miscellaneous - General Revenue, NEC: $130,000
    Interest Earnings: $86,000
    Special Assessments: $48,000
    Rents: $9,000
  • Other Capital Outlay - General - Other: $27,000
    Police Protection: $22,000
    Fire Protection: $21,000
    Libraries: $2,000
    Parks & Recreation: $2,000
  • Other Funds - Cash & Deposits: $1,229,000
  • Revenue - Water Utilities: $145,000
  • Sinking Fund - Cash & Deposits: $151,000
  • State Intergovernmental - General Support: $393,000
    Highways: $182,000
    All Other: $6,000
  • Tax - Property: $803,000
    NEC: $25,000
  • Total Salaries & Wages: $757,000

5.06% of this county's 2006 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2005 ($38,235 average adjusted gross income)

Here:  5.06%
Michigan average:  5.24%

0.09% of residents moved from foreign countries ($289 average AGI)
Kent County:  0.09%
Michigan average:  0.10%

Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2005 and 2006:
from Ottawa County, MI  0.82% ($36,905 average AGI)
from Allegan County, MI  0.21% ($30,313)
from Montcalm County, MI  0.19% ($30,428)


5.54% of this county's 2005 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2006 ($39,730 average adjusted gross income)

Here:  5.54%
Michigan average:  5.98%

0.06% of residents moved to foreign countries ($335 average AGI)
Kent County:  0.06%
Michigan average:  0.05%

Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2005 and 2006:
to Ottawa County, MI  0.94% ($48,103 average AGI)
to Allegan County, MI  0.24% ($40,250)
to Montcalm County, MI  0.23% ($33,522)


Strongest AM radio stations in Cedar Springs:
  • WMJH (810 AM; daytime; 4 kW; ROCKFORD, MI)
  • WOOD (1300 AM; 20 kW; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING LICENSES, INC.)
  • WJNZ (1140 AM; daytime; 5 kW; KENTWOOD, MI; Owner: GOODRICH RADIO, LLC)
  • WTCM (580 AM; 35 kW; TRAVERSE CITY, MI; Owner: WTCM RADIO, INC.)
  • WOAP (1080 AM; 50 kW; OWOSSO, MI)
  • WLDR (1210 AM; daytime; 50 kW; KINGSLEY, MI; Owner: FORT BEND BROADCASTING COMPANY)
  • WGVU (1480 AM; 5 kW; KENTWOOD, MI; Owner: GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY B OF C)
  • WBRN (1460 AM; 5 kW; BIG RAPIDS, MI; Owner: RH COMMUNICATIONS, INC.)
  • WPNW (1260 AM; 10 kW; ZEELAND, MI; Owner: LANSER BROADCASTING CORPORATION)
  • WION (1430 AM; 5 kW; IONIA, MI; Owner: AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE GROUP, INC.)
  • WTKG (1230 AM; 1 kW; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING LICENSES, INC.)
  • WNWZ (1410 AM; 1 kW; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: REGENT BROADCASTING OF GRAND RAPIDS, INC.)
  • WTMJ (620 AM; 50 kW; MILWAUKEE, WI; Owner: JOURNAL BROADCAST CORPORATION)

Strongest FM radio stations in Cedar Springs:
  • WBFX (101.3 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING LICENSES, INC.)
  • WLAV-FM (96.9 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CITADEL BROADCASTING COMPANY)
  • WLHT-FM (95.7 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: REGENT BROADCASTING OF GRAND RAPIDS, INC.)
  • WFGR (98.7 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: REGENT BROADCASTING OF GRAND RAPIDS, INC.)
  • WBLU-FM (88.9 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: BLUE LAKE FINE ARTS CAMP)
  • WODJ (107.3 FM; GREENVILLE, MI; Owner: CITADEL BROADCASTING COMPANY)
  • WOOD-FM (105.7 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING LICENSES, INC.)
  • WFUR-FM (102.9 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: FURNITURE CITY BROADCASTING CORP.)
  • WTRV (100.5 FM; WALKER, MI; Owner: REGENT BROADCASTING OF GRAND RAPIDS, INC.)
  • WGRD-FM (97.9 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: REGENT BROADCASTING OF GRAND RAPIDS, INC.)
  • WCSG (91.3 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CORNERSTONE UNIVERSITY.)
  • WSNX-FM (104.5 FM; MUSKEGON, MI; Owner: CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING LICENSES, INC.)
  • WVGR (104.1 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN)
  • WSCG-FM (106.3 FM; LAKEVIEW, MI; Owner: STAFFORD BROADCASTING, L.L.C.)
  • WAYG (89.9 FM; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: CORNERSTONE UNIVERSITY)

TV broadcast stations around Cedar Springs:
  • WZZM-TV (Channel 13; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: COMBINED COMMUNICATIONS CORP. OF OKLAHOMA, INC.)
  • WOHO-CA (Channel 33; HOLLAND, MI; Owner: WOOD LICENSE COMPANY, LLC)
  • WTLJ (Channel 54; MUSKEGON, MI; Owner: TCT OF MICHIGAN, INC.)
  • WWMT (Channel 3; KALAMAZOO, MI; Owner: FREEDOM BROADCASTING OF MICHIGAN, INC.)
  • WUHQ-LP (Channel 29; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: P & P CABLE HOLDINGS, L.L.C.)
  • W19BA (Channel 19; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: TRINITY BROADCASTING NETWORK)
  • WGVU-TV (Channel 35; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY)
  • WOGC-CA (Channel 25; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: WOOD LICENSE COMPANY, LLC)
  • WXMI (Channel 17; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: TRIBUNE TELEVISION HOLDINGS, INC.)
  • WOOD-TV (Channel 8; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: WOOD LICENSE COMPANY, LLC)
  • WXSP-CA (Channel 15; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: WOOD LICENSE COMPANY, LLC)
  • WLLA (Channel 64; KALAMAZOO, MI; Owner: CHRISTIAN FAITH BROADCAST, INC.)
  • W48CL (Channel 48; GRAND RAPIDS, MI; Owner: THREE ANGELS BROADCASTING NETWORK)

Back to Cedar Springs, MI housing info, Kent County, Michigan, MI smaller cities, MI small cities, All Cities.

 

Back to the top




Recent home sales, price trends, and home value evaluator powered by On Board LLC
Copyright © 2008 On Board LLC. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
 
City-data.com does not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of any information on this site.  Use at your own risk.
Some parts © 2003-2008 Advameg, Inc.