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Whether or not Satan exists, is not the same thing as whether or not Lucifer exists. The relationship of Lucifer and Satan being one and the same is thing or being.
Lucifer is NOT Satan, Lucifer is a Christianized Roman myth which was incorporated into medieval Christian thought and was popularized by the mass Roman Catholic Populace who were familiar with the Roman theology. Three main advocates were Origen, Jerome and Augustine. Origen hypothesized it, Jerome canonized it, and Augustine popularized it.
Each have different reasons, but the biggest offenders of pagan beliefs being incorporated into Christianity is attributed to both Jerome and Augustine. Doctrines such as: Lucifer being the Serpent in Garden, Original Sin, Eternal Continual Torment, and Fallen Angels are attributed two these two but did not exist prior.
The name "Lucifer" is not original to the Scriptures, it is added in the 4th Century AD. It was not until the 4th Century when the Greek and Hebrew Scriptures were translated in to Latin Vulgate.
You got the myth of Lucifer, the one that says that He was the lead angel and rebelled taking with him other angels against God because that is the etymology of the word "Lucifer" which refers to a Roman myth.
The Roman minor god, LUCIFER, son of the Roman god Aurua, his Greek name is Phospheros. God of the Morning Star, heard Lucifer is Latin for 'Light Bearer' the Roman deity associated with the planet Venus prior to his fall and Venus, daughter of Jupiter, was promoted from Goddess of vegetation to Goddess of love and beauty and took over his place in the sky.
Lucifer was the light bearer, he was in charge of heralding Sol arrival until one day he grew proud of his own light and beauty challenged Sol for leadership. Lucifer gathered among him other lights in the sky and led a rebellion against Sol, but ultimately lost and was cast down to prison on earth and his place replaced by Jupiter's daughters, Venus.
A classic Roman use of "Lucifer" appears in Virgil in Georgics (III, 324-5): Luciferi primo *** sidere frigida ruracarpamus, dum mane novum, dum gramina canent" "Let us hasten, when first the Morning Star appears, To the cool pastures, while the day is new, while the grass is dewy"
And similarly, in Ovid:"Aurora watchful in the reddening dawn, threw wide her crimson doors and rose-filled halls; the Stars took flight, in marshalled order set by Lucifer, who left his station last."
The actual reason why Lucifer lost his place in the cosmos was that Roman astrologists assumed that the 2nd planet from the Sun (what we today call Venus) was actually two stars one that ushered the morning, Lucifer, and one that ushered in the night, Vesper until they discovered they were one and the same. Instead of admitting they were mistaken, they created a story about how Lucifer and Vesper allied together, led by Lucifer with other lights in the sky in order to take on Sol (the Sun) but they lost and Lucifer and Vesper lost their place in the heavens, and was replaced by the minor god, Venus of which it has remained.
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