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There are ten hot climate classifications, 32 mesothermal classifications, 64 microthermal classifications, and 18 polar classifications. It's a staggering 122 total classifications.
In reality, though, only the following classifications are used. An example city is included. (if I missed a possible classification, please remind me.)
Am - Lagos, Nigeria
As - Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Ad - Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Ah - Quibdo, Colombia
Ay - Singapore
Bm - Mumbai, India (barely)
Bs - Bengaluru, India
Bd - Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Bh - Mount Waialeale, Hawaii
By - Miami, FL
Cdx - Phoenix, AZ
Cda - Alexandria, Egypt
Cdb - Antofagasta, Chile
Cwx - New Delhi, India
Cwa - Sao Paulo, Brazil
Cwb - Mexico City, Mexico
Csx - Orlando, FL (borderline)
Csa - Los Angeles, CA
Csb - San Francisco, CA
Cyx - Houston, TX
Cya - New Orleans, LA
Cyb - Melbourne, Australia
Ddx - Las Vegas, NV
Dda - Albuquerque, NM
Ddb - Possible in isolated areas, but I could not find a climate. Valladolid, Spain comes fairly close, but is too wet.
Dwx - Wuhan, China
Dwa - Chengdu, China
Dwb - Kunming, China
Dwc- parts of La Paz, Bolivia
Dsx- Aleppo, Syria
Dsa- Rome, Italy
Dsb - Seattle, WA
Dsc - Balmaceda, Chile
Dyx- Dallas, TX
Dya- Nashville, TN (my climate)
Dyb- London, England
Dyc- Reykjavik, Iceland
Ddc is non-existent.
Further updates for groups E, F, G, and H are coming.
Update: 10 hot, 32 meso, 48 micro, 18 polar classifications. Still 106 possible classifications.
Group E classifications:
Edx- Turpan, China
Eda- Cedar City, UT
Edb- Elko, NV
Edc- None found, but some climates were found that missed the precipitation criterion by less than 150mm. Possible somewhere on Earth.
Ewx- Jinan, China (just barely, both on the E and x end!)
Ewa- Beijing, China
Ewb- Lhasa, Tibet
Ewc- Anchorage, AK
Esx- Numerous near climates in the vicinity of the Fergana Valley. Shymkent, Kazakhstan is one such example. It's likely that there is an isolated climate of this type in that region.
Esa- Muş, Turkey
Esb- South Lake Tahoe, CA
Esc- Crater Lake, OR
Eyx- Monett, MO (per WeatherSpark; VERY borderline)
Eya- Chicago, IL
Eyb- Moscow, Russia
Eyc- Kodiak, AK
Fdx - Karamay, China
Fda - Urumqi, China
Fdb - Glasgow, MT
Fdc - Ulan Bator, Mongolia
Fdcr - Oymyakon, Russia
Fwa - Shenyang, China
Fwb - Kars, Turkey
Fwc - Fairbanks, AK
Fsa - Muş, Turkey is fairly close, but about 3 C too warm year round.
Fsb - Undoubtedly exists, but couldn't find any weather stations.
Fsc - Anadyr, Russia
Fya - Balakovo, Russia (borderline with Eya)
Fyb - Caribou, ME
Fyc - Cartwright, Labrador
Wawa, nice job, I didn't know some of those climates existed.
A few comments:
I don't see the s in Csx in Orlando FL, it looks like dry winter to me. Bodie, CA just barely fits Edc using 1981-2010 normals, though it is too wet if you use other normals. Oral, Kazakhstan (also known as Uralsk) fits Fya better than Balakovo, and is just wet enough. There's probably a better climate in between them.
This Monett, MO data shows it just barely too warm in winter, a little cold in summer. The 1971-2000 data is closer. Definitely borderline. MONETT WSMO, MISSOURI - Climate Summary
Wawa, nice job, I didn't know some of those climates existed.
A few comments:
I don't see the s in Csx in Orlando FL, it looks like dry winter to me. Bodie, CA just barely fits Edc using 1981-2010 normals, though it is too wet if you use other normals. Oral, Kazakhstan (also known as Uralsk) fits Fya better than Balakovo, and is just wet enough. There's probably a better climate in between them.
This Monett, MO data shows it just barely too warm in winter, a little cold in summer. The 1971-2000 data is closer. Definitely borderline. MONETT WSMO, MISSOURI - Climate Summary
The Orlando is my bad. There would likely be a Mediterranean climate that fit the criteria, the hottest I found were 27 C or so in summer
Gd - Isolated areas around Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands. Eureka, Canada is fairly close.
Gg - Barrow, AK
Gw- Grytviken
Gdr- Some isolated regions within Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere Islands may meet this criteria.
Ggr- tundra north of Verkhoyansk, Russia
Per Wikipedia:
Hw/Ht--Marambio, Antarctica
Hd: Closest I found was Ellsworth Station, Antarctica at 92mm and -33C in the coldest month.
Wikipedia gives way too much snow for Summit, 3000 mm a year doesn't seem possible. This website makes it look like about 250 mm/year precipitation Snow Accumulation at GISP2 Summit, Greenland
Two maps from the Climate of Antarctica article show spots of Hgr and Hdr, I don't know if there are any stations there. Wiki actually says Amundsen-Scott gets about 60-80 mm of water equivalent of snow per year.
Basically, these categories can be broken up into three subgroups, determined by the coldest month. For C climates, 0-6 C results in a - rating, 6-12 C results in no additional marking, and 12-18 results in a +.
For Cfa climates, here's what that would look like. These also come very close to demarking certain features of winter weather.
Cfa+ = Most of Florida below Tallahassee and above Fort Myers. Usually has frost during the year.
Cfa = Includes Dallas, Houston, New Orleans, etc. Usually experiences a hard freeze and/or measurable snowfall
Cfa- = Includes OK City, Nashville, Atlanta, etc. Virtually certain to experience hard freezes and snow.
For Csa/ Csb climates
Cs+ = Includes most of Southern California that isn't a dry climate. Usually frost-free
Cs = Most of Northern California. Usually has frost during the year.
Cs- = California lower mountians and southern Oregon coast and valleys. Usually has measurable snow during the year.
I think the + and - classifications could also apply to the D and B climates, with fairly good information added as well.
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My modifications I would do
